Linking Debit or Credit with Normal Balance

QS 2-3 Linking debit or credit with normal balance C5 Indicate whether a debit or credit decreases the normal balance of each of the following accounts: Notes* *Assets = Liabilities + Owners Equity a. Office Supplies e. Salaries Expense i. Interest Revenue b. Repair Services Revenue f. Owner Capital j. Owner Withdrawals c. Interest Payable g. Prepaid Insurance k. Unearned Revenue d. Accounts Receivable h. Buildings l. Accounts Payable A. Office supplies are an asset and debit decreases the normal balance. B. Repair services revenue is an asset and credit decreases the normal balance. C. Interest payable uses credit for decrease of normal balance. D. Accounts recievable is an asset and debit will decrease the normal balance. E. Salaries expense uses debit for decrease of normal balance. F. Owner Capital is an asset and credit decreases normal balance. G. Prepaid insurance uses debit for decrease of normal balance. H. Buildings are considered an asset and debit decreases normal balance. I. Interest Revenue uses credit for decrease of normal balance. J. Owner Withdrawals may use credit for decrease of normal balance. K. Unearned Revenue uses credit for decrease of normal balance. L. Accounts payable uses debit for decrease of normal balance. QS 2-4 Identify whether a debit or credit yields the indicated change for each of the following accounts: *Notes* Assets: Debit to increase, credit to decrease; Liabilities & Equity: Credit to increase, debit to decrease; Income: Credit to increase, debit to decrease; Expenses: debit to increase, credit to decrease. a. To increase Store Equipment f. To decrease Unearned Revenue b. To increase Owner Withdrawals g. To decrease Prepaid Insurance c. To decrease Cash h. To increase Notes Payable d. To increase Utilities Expense i. To decrease Accounts Receivable e. To increase Fees Earned j. To increase Owner Capital a) Store equipment uses debit to increase. (asset) b) Owner withdrawals use debit to increase. (equity) c) Cash uses credit to decrease. (asset) d) Utilities expense use debit to increase. (expense) e) Fees earned uses credit to increase. (income) f) Unearned revenue uses debit to decrease. asset) g) Prepaid insurance uses credit to decrease. (asset) h) Notes payable uses credit to increase. (liability) i) Accounts receivable uses credit to decrease. (asset) j) Owner capital uses credit to increase. (equity) QS 2-5 *Identify whether the normal balances (in parentheses) assigned to the following accounts are* correct or incorrect. a. Office supplies (Debit) d. Wages Expense (Credit) g. Wages Payable b. Owner Withdrawals ( Credit) e. Cash (Debit) (Credit) c. Fees Earned (Debit) f. Prepaid Insurance (Credit) h. Building (Debit) Office supplies uses debit for a normal balance. (correct) Owner withdrawals does not use credit for a normal balance. (incorrect) Fee’s earned does not use debit for normal balance. (incorrect) Wages expense does not use credit for normal balance. (incorrect) Cash does use debit for normal balance. (correct) Prepaid insurance does not use credit for normal balance. (incorrect) Wages payable does use credit for normal balance. (correct) Building does use debit for normal balance. (correct)

Mercury

Mercury International, Ltd is already at the forefront of the shoe manufacturing industry being in direct competition with the world’s biggest names in shoes manufacturing. These include Nike, Reebok and Puma. Thus, what they have to do is to sustain there marketing output, yet continue enhancing the way they compete with the present market. Relative to other leaders in the industry, they are very near behind, although Mercury shoes are unheard yet in other parts of the world. Having the same technological edge with other brands, there is a possibility that it can surpass others given the chance to maximize its potential using new marketing techniques. Several factors have contributed to Mercury International, Ltd’s performance. Although some of these are technological in nature, still the key factor to its growth is adhering to tested marketing principles. Some of these are; product innovations, making the most of market trend information, market expansion, and relying on concrete statistical data. But, to sustain the growth of a company, one has to remedy first the aspects or areas which keep the company grounded and not able to grow at the rate that it should be. Hence, an analysis on the factors prejudicial to the company and need to be improved is imperative. On the operational side of things, we cannot see much of a problem because it expanded its market to other countries, and having also product-development centers in China, Taiwan and Indonesia. The combined production capacity of these centers can very well meet consumer demands, at least in Asia alone. So there is a need to put up production centers in Europe and Latin American countries alone, so that Mercury’s products will be well distributed, and at the same time gain exposure to new markets. European and Latin American countries composed a very big share the shoe industry market, thus there’s a need for the company to capture these areas of the market. Its expenses can be further reduced by using technology. The fact that the company is at par with other company regarding the technology used in its production, it can reduced its expenses by mass-producing their products in a single period of time and later on put emphasis on its marketing, doing the production and marketing in phases. Eventually, all marketing processes could be covered, yet there would be no waste in effort and energy by doing different processes in a given time, thus big expenses can be avoided. On the financial side of its operations, an analysis on its financial and management reports gives a picture as to how the company is faring in the worldwide market. By the end of the year 2005, its total market share was only 9.1%; this information explains that there is still a huge chunk of the market that needs to be covered. Seeing this in the negative, it seems that the company is far from other companies in terms of market covered. But profitability cannot be measured by the size of the market covered alone, but through the actual profit made. A closer analysis of its income statement showed that there was a deficit of $10.13 million incurred during 2003 alone, and the succeeding combined income for the years 2004 and 2005 was barely able to compensate the 2003 deficit, the combined income being only $13.08 million. A growth of only $3.05 million was realized over the past three years. In essence, the company is not doing well financially. Â  Mercury Shoes, Ltd. can do much better that this. Yet, on the brighter side, we can glimpse from the financial reports that, at the least, there was a recorded growth between 2004 and 2005. This is enough for the management to persevere even harder to raise this notch to higher level. Perhaps, the company should put emphasis on the development of its operational system, because when its operations are exemplary, a good performance relating to its income will follow later. A complete operational overhaul is not needed. The company excels in other areas far better than other companies do. It has a technological edge over others, and its research and development is exemplary providing products to consumers with innovative technology. Almost 98% of human labor in the actual production of shoes and apparel has already been eliminated by robotic technology. Manufacturing is in an automated mode. These factors alone don’t justify the need to overhaul the operational system of the company completely. If changes are to be made, it should be done in the human resource and marketing divisions of the company. The brain of a particular organization lies in the management officials that lead the company. It is, therefore, logical to surmise that the failure of a company can be attributed to the leaders’ incapability. The marketing department also has the power to attract consumers to buy the company’s products, failure to do so justify their incompetence. The technological advantage, R & D programs, and the manufacturing process of the company should be retained. The rest should be change and improved for the benefit of the whole company. Generally, Mercury International, Ltd. has a potential in being a leader of the shoe and apparel manufacturing industry. What is has to do is to align its operations and processes into a single output force looking at a single objective. Although, the company hasn’t yet reached this stage of organizational development, with patience, cooperation, and continuous development of its product with the use of cutting-edge technology, it will eventually. What the management has to do is to sustain the over-all output to maintain its position yet continue to strive and develop further. The backbone of the company’s product line, the Boost Technology, TrailStep, and the Sweatless Training Apparel should further be strengthened, so that the company will have security on where to get its money for expenses when changes are to be made in other areas of the company. With the managerial officers having already the skills to effectuate changes on the company, what they have to do only is to use their skills at the utmost and steer the company to where it grows the most.

Bal-A-Vis-X Program

Many of today's struggling students are falling through the cracks of our education system and are at risk of dropping out of school. The increased expectations of today's high standards force special education teachers to frequently seek effective research-based interventions to help these students to become successful. Bal-A-Vis-X is just one of such programs. The program founder claims the brain integration – movement-based learning program will increase a student's reading fluency, and comprehension by participating in the multi-level crossing of the midline exercises emphasizing on flow with rhythm. The basis of this research project is to validate the claim by incorporating the Bal-A-Vis-X program with students at Moore School in fourth, fifth and six-grade physical education class. Bal-A-Vis-X was developed by a teacher in Wichita, Kansas named Bill Hubert. Bill Hubert uses cognitive exercises which encompass the integration of balance, auditory, and vision exercises using racquetballs, balance boards, hand-sized sandbags and various complexity of rhythmic exercises. The exercises focus on rhythm, patterning, balance and visual teaming. The combination of 300 various exercises increase in complexity as the student masters the fundamental skills. The exercises can be reduced to accommodate the student with varying disabilities. The program is designed to help individuals who struggle with academics, post-traumatic stress, physical and social impairments. (Hubert, 2007)Bill Hubert suggest the lack of flow within a person can trigger the stressful occurrences which may cause the cognitive debilitation of an individual. (Hubert,2007). He further explains what he believes are the series of physical and developmental movement which occur and how this movement contributes to the cognitive aspects of the individual to perform a required task. The principals of the program are to introduce midline crossings in three dimensions which are designed to follow steady rhythm using the whole mind-body system creating the flow with in the student aligning the mind with the body. The idea is to listen to the rhythm of the sound of the balls bouncing or the sandbags being passed while simultaneously integrating patterned movement involving the whole body.The stress of academic performance can cause struggling students to display undesirable behaviors. When students struggle in school many behavior issues to avoid the task or to gain something to help them manage the task. This behavior coping mechanism is what inspired my research into the BAL-A-VIS-X program. Often special education teachers and interventionist are overwhelmed with the diversity of intervention programs offered to increase academic performance in students with learning disabilities and are struggling academically, developmentally, emotionally and socially. This program interests me as it was originally introduced to me by the adaptive physical education teacher form Central Montana Learning Resource Center. She explained the concept of the program. From there my research developed. I researched the resources I needed in order to purchase the products needed to implement the program with my students. Once I organized the pricing of the product, my next step was to request the funding from my superintendent. She was very interested in the program herself and has supported me in my quest. I obtained permission to teach the program to the select group in their weekly physical education class. This offered me the two fifteen-minute time slots to work with the students weekly for eighteen weeks. Our Learning Co-Op Center ‘s Adaptive Physical Education teacher shared she attended a training with a Resource teacher from Round Up Montana which was practicing using Bal-A-Vis-X with her students. She was fortunate enough to attend a training of the program from Bill Hubert, the founder of the program itself. I proceeded forward by inviting her to come observe, to give me some additional ideas and skills to help me implement the program effectively. She explained to teach Bal-A-Vis-X it is optimal to teach one on one over a group setting. However, under my time restraints, she shared it would be alright to continue with my research as a group setting. The stress of academic performance can cause struggling students to display undesirable behaviors. When students struggle in school many behavioral issues are to avoid the task or to gain something to help them manage the task. This behavior coping mechanism is what inspired my research into the BAL-A-VIS-X program. Currently, my professional peers use Brain Gym, Go Noodle or some form of conglomerating a self-designed movement curriculum in their classroom management techniques to diminish undesirable behaviors without addressing the underlying antecedent and trigger for the student's actions.Often Special Education teachers and interventionist are overwhelmed with the diversity of intervention programs offered to increase academic performance in students with learning disabilities and are struggling cognitively, developmentally, emotionally and socially. Trying to minimize which program is the most effective lies in the opinion of the teacher. In my personal observation in Moore school it is just getting students up and moving is the goal. As a Special Education teacher myself, I rely on resources presented at professional development conventions, multiple online resources, and peer networking opportunities to share what is working with which types of students with disabilities. Disabilities are as diverse as the resources and interventions offered to increase performance in students with deficits. Originally, this program was introduced to me by the adaptive physical education teacher form Central Montana Learning Resource Center. It piqued my interest as she explained the concept of the program. From there, my research developed. My main focus was not the scientific theory of the program, as in how and why the brain is functioning and operating through the implementation of the program, but my interest lies in merely, is it a highly effective intervention compared to similar kinesthetic based interventions. Basically, why would I use this particular intervention program compared to other similar programs available?The go to for interventions for Special Education teachers is the website What Works Clearinghouse. The information presented on this website shares.As the program was developing with the students I did not truly notice any improvements in flow or coordination until the thirteenth week. As my research is to collect data for reading fluency and comprehension, it was just an observation of mine in this area of balance and coordination.

Cultural geography has changed my view of the world Essay

Cultural geography has changed my view of the world - Essay Example nd that the main reason for the growth of the international business in the global economy from the 20th century is due to transport and communication improvements brought about by globalization. This explains the increased business relations of between various countries across the globe. The economic and cultural interdependence seen in the world is also because of globalization. It has also enabled me to understand the aspect of westernized world and why it has been influential across the globe. It has helped me understand that the process of westernization joins the western influences and interests with parts of those countries that are affected. These affected countries or communities are often trying their best to understand and change towards the westernized society in search of the western life or some of its aspects. Cultural geography has also helped me understand that there are three categories of landscapes ranging from those built by humans, others that have evolved organically, and others that are associative or valued due to religion, art, or cultural dimensions. Initially, I thought globalization had done the world more harm than good due to the economic hardships witnessed in some countries. These economic hardships resulted into increased difference between the rich and the poor. However, globalization, according to cultural geography has enhanced increased the levels of communication and transportation thus increasing the levels of international business in the global economy (Ritzer, 2010). Moreover, I had the notion that western countries are less affected in the aspect of westernization of non-western countries. However, such western countries adopt various changes either cultural or psychological in the event of establishing contacts with various other groups in non-western groups in the globe. They adopt changes, which are in line with their lifestyles, physical appearances and other aspects and shifts in the cultural patterns. Moreover, I

Admission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Admission - Essay Example As students, we were regularly tasked with coming up with project in groups of five or thereof, these tasks equipped me with the ability to tolerate and work with people of different natures and principles contrary to mine. The tasks also gave me valuable knowledge on how to ensure maximum productivity in groups and meet deadlines. I can actively employ these skills in my professional life where I am tasked with working with my colleagues. I can also use the skills to ensure that deadlines are met to ensure maximum productivity My undergraduate studies gave me valuable lessons on leadership. The coursework contained tenets on business management and how to ensure business success (Norman 35) .In the classroom I learnt how to lead and handle crisis situations. As a project leader, I gained valuable knowledge on how to motivate my group members to ensure maximum productivity. I also learnt how to cope with uncooperative members. The leadership skills would prove invaluable to public service especially if given a managerial position. The ability to motivate my colleagues in situations where an institution is making losses would be necessary. It would also help me to maintain the morale of the employees. My experience as a volunteer with the World Health Organization was pivotal in my learning experience. Among the many students who volunteered during the 2004 cholera outbreak, only a few of us remained by the end of the containment period (Geudens 36). This experience taught me the value of commitment to set goals and agendas. I learnt that without commitment, one would not achieve the desired results. This skillset would be useful in my public service especially as pertains quality service delivery. Commitment to my duties will be important in the achievement of institutional goals and objectives. My six months training as a cadet in the military taught me how to cope with

What are the pros and cons of challenges to the appointment of Essay

What are the pros and cons of challenges to the appointment of arbitrators - Essay Example Nevertheless, the solicitor takes the vital role of advising on all possible methods that can be applied in dispute resolution, prior to recommendation of relevant in a given situation. In this case, arbitration is an alternative for resolving disputes in a situation that a third party reaches a decision, which is binding upon the parties to the dispute. The arbitrator decides on the issue in concerning the dispute, and he or she enforces a binding decision on the parties. Therefore, arbitration is undertaken due to a certain business contract; hence, offering arbitration for is situations where the disputes arise. Moreover, arbitration is considered to be the best suited for facilitating a settlement between parties in dispute. The paper will focus on exploring pros and cons of challenges to the appointment of arbitrators in the perspectives of parties bringing the challenge, opposing party in the disputes and the arbitrator whose appointment is be. In the process of arbitration, th e parties involved in the dispute agree to submit their dispute to the neutral arbitrator, instead of a court. Therefore, the arbitrator acts like a judge, whereby he or she listens to the testimony, reviews evidence and enters a binding ruling. After the decision in made, the prevailing parties may deicide filing in court to convent the award to a judgment. 4. On the other hand, the prevailing party may be raise claims that the judgment, which was provided, and the process involved binding arbitration require enforcement through the courts. Pros of arbitration One of the pros of arbitration is being quicker compared to litigation, and this becomes a debatable topic with arbitration tending to similar to a formal process of the court5. Therefore, once the party bringing the challenge and the opposing party in the disputes enters into arbitration they do not have to wait for the Court to add them in to a list, which is over clouded6. The parties have a chance of acquiring a suitable arbitrator, who is available, and they are make to decide on the time of arbitration. On the other hand, the decision made during the arbitration is binding to the party bringing the challenge and the opposing party in the disputes. However, there are some of other forms of ADR, which are non-binding; hence, they facilitate failure of the arbitration, despite the cost. In this case, once the arbitration is submitted there are expectations of definitive results. Arbitration is considered faster and less formal compared to the Courts process since the appointments are planned in a way that establishes a mutual convenience among the party bringing the challenge, opposing party in the disputes and the arbitrator. However, in the courts situation, the plan is dictated by the Court calendar, hence, in arbitration there is a chance of deciding on the duration, time, which is to be spent by the arbitrator in their case7. The party bringing the challenge and the opposing party in the dispute s have a chance of appointing somebody who they are familiar with in a situation of a dispute. Therefore, the arbitrator relates the process of arbitration to an industry normal practice. The party bringing the challenge, opposing party in the disputes and the arbitrator are able to include the clause in contracts sue to the likelihood of reaming confidential, unlike the disputes in the courts. Therefore, arbitration facilitates maintenance of the business relationship between the party bringing the challenge and the opposing party in the disputes8. Given that arbitration can lead to a resolution of a dispute faster than litigation, it is considered less costly than litigation since the

Video review on Orientalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Video review on Orientalism - Essay Example It is the assumption that some places that are perceived to be magical are also timeless and unevolving. Napoleon’s conquest of Egypt in 1798 came about in a different way which basically shows a different way in which a conquest can be made. One can invade a country in search of treasure and petroleum, but in this case, Egypt was invaded and studied for the purpose of what can France to for Egypt. Edward Said shows the difference between Europe and America. He shows how Europe had its colonies in India, Algeria and Indochina for non political reasons which gave both parties a long standing relationship. America on the other hand is interested in countries for political reasons. Edward Said’s view of America’s Orientalism in the east is â€Å"that the American Orientalism is very politicized by the presence of Israel for which America is the main ally.† (Media Education transcript pg.6, www.mediaed.org) [CNN News: Vice President Al Gore] President Clinton and I are proud, as are all Americans that the United States was the first nation to recognize the State of Israel, eleven minutes after you proclaimed your independence. (Media Education transcript pg.6, www.mediaed.org) This breaks down the stereotypes and the ideas that pop into non oriental people when the Orient is talked about. Ideas such as extremists, fanatics, and kamikaze are all words and images that come to mind when the Middle East is talked about. â€Å"So the impression you got of Islam was that it was a frightening mysterious, above all threatening, as if the main business of Muslims was to threaten and try to kill Americans†, says Edward Said (Media Education transcript pg.7-8, www.mediaed.org)in the video. Edward Said was in Canada during the Oklahoma city bombing in April 1995, and just after it happened he was called off the hook by journalists simply because

Human Resources, Training and Development, Appraisals Essay

Human Resources, Training and Development, Appraisals - Essay Example The troubles that normally arise under formal evaluation procedure are: malfunction to finish the evaluation on time, lack of stability and objectivity evaluating the human resources, and a discernment that the entire procedure is hectic work of little value. (Lukesh, 2000) Except top hierarchy dynamically participates and takes principal task for the evaluation procedure, the rest of the human resources in the company is unconfident of the worth and significance of performance evaluation. A performance evaluation should produce quantifiable results that are visible to all workers in terms of enhanced performance through training, a compensation system that is just and is so professed and a promotion and transfer system that makes the correct decisions associated to abilities. The human resources department in cases does not have the status to provide performance evaluation an elevated priority. Nevertheless they can guarantee that the performance evaluation has a possibility for triumph by scheming a strong evaluation tool, efficiently training supervisors to evaluate accurately, developing purposeful criteria for measurement and viewing how performance delivers to the bottom line. (Pardue, 1999) I would use method based on key performance indicators (KPIs) for appraising sales people.

Brain Structure and Smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brain Structure and Smoking - Essay Example Scientists discovered that a chain smoker suddenly lost all his interest in smoking because he suffered some damage to the brain, which altered the structure of the brain. This led scientists to believe that a brain structure deep in the brain was primarily responsible for the habit of smoking and if this can be treated the habit could be kicked very easily because then the smoker would loose all interest in smoking just as the person mentioned above lost all interest because of the stroke that altered his brain structure. Smoking is one of the highest causes of death which is preventable because most people are hooked to the highly addictive nicotine. This is just one example of how physical activities affect the brain or how the brain affects the activities of human beings, it is very vital to understand that addiction is due to structures in the brain that actually cause the addiction to nicotine, the respective brain structures will also be mentioned in the paper. Most people that are hooked on to smoking say that they want to quit smoking but do not know how to do so; this research would be very helpful in making people realize how they can quit their smoking habits and patterns to lead a much more healthy life. There are manStructures of the Brain There are many structures in the brain that affect the habits of human being, as mentioned before the brain has back up resources so some functions might be carried out by other parts if some damage occurs but if any part does get damaged then some habits are affected because there is not a back up resource for it. The insula in the brain is one such part because researchers have found out that any damage to the insula would cause people to quit smoking, they found this out by studying a man who smoked 40 cigarettes per day and he suffered a deep stroke which altered, to an extent, the brain structure and after the stroke the man felt no need to smoke at all. Smoking also has some affects on the brain which tend to damage the brain but the most damaged areas are those of the parietal and the temporal lobes, as mentioned before these lobes tend to the functions of feel and problem solving, once damage has been done to these lobes the problem solving ability decreases and also lowers t he resolve to quit smoking. There are hereditary causes of smoking as well because in a research it was indicated that there were certain receptors known as 'alpha-4, beta-2' are responsible for the 'head rush' that smokers feel when they smoke and it is believed that parents who smoke may transfer these recipients in large quantities to their children and hence this might be a cause of smoking when they children grow up and it is also thought that the initial smoking habits and patterns reflect those of the parents. The reasons for smoking in teenagers and young adults are mostly peer pressure and academic related concerns that cause them to smoke, the top most reason is not the lack of knowledge because every one knows how smoking is a cause of concern to their health's but the problem lies in how are they informed Are they just told the facts and figures or are they showed, how badly smoking can really hurt them They should be told that peer pressure is a daily phenomenon and also should be told how to

Critical review; Quantitative studies Research Paper

Critical review; Quantitative studies - Research Paper Example The basic idea behind this EBP is, healthcare organizations or healthcare practitioners including AHPs while carrying out their tasks will pick the best possible evidences that are ‘available’, or even the best applicable information obtainable, so that they can carry out their tasks in an effective manner, and also take competent decisions. â€Å"Evidence based practice is an approach to decision making, during which medical practitioners uses the best evidences available, particularly in consultation with the patient, to decide upon the option or approach which suits that patient best.† (Armstrong and Gray, 2009, pg. 20). This utilization of EBP among the AHPs is the subject of discussion in the article, The Adoption and Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) among Allied Health Professions written by Penney Upton, Laura Scurlock-Evans, Danielle Stephens and Dominic Upton. Thus, this article will be critically reviewed here focusing on the various aspec ts of article, including its purpose, its literature review, methodology, sampling process, data collection process, study’s results finally ending with clinical implications. The authors of the article Upton, Scurlock-Evans, Stephens and Upton lay out the purpose of the study at the outset itself, which is â€Å"to assess and characterise adoption of EBP within AHP’s clinical practice.† (Upton et al. 2012). They expand on the purpose of the study by basically defining EBP, and by explaining about the target group of the study. According to the authors, EBP is an important and widely accepted practice in healthcare settings to ensure that health care professionals particularly AHP are provided information about the recent evidences and also the researches relating to their clinical practice. To study about EBP adoption among AHPs, the authors focused on AHPs working in NHS Scotland. The authors particularly focused on the newly qualified AHPs,

Human Resources Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Human Resources Management - Essay Example The organisational structure in PM is hierarchical, whereas, the organisational culture in HRM is flexible based upon the business requirements. The training process in PM is limited to non-managerial staff only while in HRM the process involves all key employees within an organisation including non-managerial staff as well. The outlook of employee relations in PM is ‘pluralist’, which involves low trust however, employee relation outlook in HRM is ‘unitarist,’ which involves high extent of trust. In addition, PM is inclined towards reducing the overall cost of HR on the other hand HRM is inclined towards optimum utilisation of HR and controlling the cost associated with it (Henderson, 2011). HRM function at ASDA plays a key role in meeting the long term purpose of the organisation. Workforce planning is the primary function of HRM at ASDA, which determines the workforce requirements both in present and future context. ASDA also promotes employment opportunities through its recruitment and selection function of HRM. Training and performance appraisals are the most vital part of HRM at ASDA, which influences employee performance and their productivity level. Furthermore, employee acknowledgment and motivation is included in the HRM function, which helps in contributing towards the long term strategy of the organisation (Wilton, 2010). HRM as mentioned above plays a key role in workforce planning wherein the actual requirement of workforce is determined in the organisation. In addition, HRM has the responsibility of recruiting employees in the organisation and training them in an appropriate manner to enhance their skills as per the business requirement. Performance appraisal and employee motivation are the key roles of HRM in ASDA, which helps in alleviating the performance along with the productivity level of employees through employee

Individual Risk Management Essay Example for Free

Individual Risk Management Essay The objective of risk management is to develop response actions to minimize the impact of possible negative events during every phase of a project. The process also works to increase the impact of the positive events and mitigate the problems associated with making changes (Project Management Institute,  © 2013). The risks in many projects are multifaceted in nature because the positive impact created at one stage of a project, could have dire consequences at another. For example, occasionally in construction projects, floor slabs will have design defects that will not properly drain and eliminate the migration of water breaching the inside of the structure. A minor re-design of the slab configuration will eliminate the drainage problem but cause a significant structural issue with roof trussing and its ability to hold the house together during a minimal shift. The changes made to correct the slab issue are great, but the problems it will create down the line are greater unless the initial solution is analyzed all the way through the project. Identifying the risk and plausible solutions is done through a series of procedures, techniques, and analysis to meet the objectives of risk management. Another dimension of the risk management kaleidoscope understands the definition of risk from various viewpoints and positions with stake in the project. The risk management operation requires a planning process describing how to conduct the risk management based on the activities and tasks necessary to complete the work. There is an intangible element with assessing the risk of defining the tolerances and attitudes of the organizational leaders and stakeholders. A project manager with experience will have a more complete understanding of this component performing an internal analysis of risk appetite and risk tolerance levels surrounding the organization and the primary stakeholders. The amount of risk for a project is measured, analyzed, and quantified with  numerous equations, graphs, and statistical parameters to confirm and justify the data, but understanding what is in the head of corporate leaders and stakeholders and the level of risk they are comfortable with; is not on a spreadsheet. The understanding of this type of risk management comes from experience and high-level communication skills put into an action plan before the project is started. The risk management process is dependent on several documents for information to achieve its objectives, respond accordingly with monitor and control procedures specific to the project (Project Management Institute,  © 2013). The risk team will rely in the risk management plan to identify and classify their roles and responsibilities in the key areas. The team also collects information from cost management plan that assists in controlling levels of precision, accuracy, and units of measure. The cost management for risk managers involves more controlling of operational expenditures than total cost of the project (Cooper, Raymond, Walker, 2005). The information provided by the schedule management plan is also a vital document especially in conjunction with the cost management plan to control progression throughout the project life cycle. The scope baseline document is a mandatory piece of information the risk team will look closely at for possible assumptions and uncertainty that might exist. Information for the project that the teams will use throughout the project as reference and updating tools are the stakeholder register, procurement documents, and enterprise environmental factors just to name a few ( Project Management Institute,  © 2013). The risk management team completes the identification process with the creation of the risk register and a defined risk management plan (RMP) explaining the risk activities, risk challenges, risk treatment, and structured response in detail. This RMP defines the tools, resources, roles, and responsibilities for managers and line workers alike to minimize project defects and enhance project production. The RMP delivers four main objectives significant to the project, by categorizing the risk into different levels for each phase and department. The risk categorization provides the probability and impact of the risk to gain a better understanding of the impact on the project in terms that are explicit to each, department, or stakeholder at every stage. The risk management matrix has four primary project objectives defining a plan to address cost, time, scope, and quality. The risk management during  the initial planning stages is performed the same way with adjusted tolerances because of limited information. (Project Management Institute,  © 2013). Provided below is a Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) as defined in the; A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK ® Guide). The RBS is performed on the information in the course syllabus â€Å". Your organization has decided that to be successful in the global economy it must expand its supply base into China† (The Apollo Group Inc., 2010). Project Risks: Internal risks of compatibility with stakeholders and foreign lending institutions. The technical capabilitites and servicing capacity for optimum production levels. External Risks: Implmenting organizational objectives in bureaucratic ccontext of host country and meet essential program operations. Risk associated with enviromental enterprise and conceptual framework. Shortage of resources, poor infrastructure, foreign currency, cultural and socioeconomic enviroment. Incomplete understanding of project objectives, design, and sustainability to promote future growth. References Cooper, D. F., Raymond, G. S., Walker, P. (2005). Project Risk Guidelines: Managing risk in large projects and complex procurements. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.. Kerzner, H. (2009). Project Management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling (10th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Project Management Institute. ( © 2013). A Guide to the Project Management body of knowledge. (PMBOK ® Guide), Fifth Edition. Retrieved 02 17, 2014, from http://common.books24x7.com/toc.aspx?bookid=51356. Sollish, F., Semanik, J. (2007). The procurement and supply manager’s desk reference. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. The Apollo Group Inc ®. (2010). Syllabus CPMGT/302 Procurement and Risk Management. School of Business. Pheonix, AZ: University of Phoenix.

Impacts of Social Drinking

Impacts of Social Drinking Antonio Miguel F. Terrado â€Å"Social Drinking: Bane or Beneficial?† Introduction Alcoholic beverages are found everywhere across the globe from cities to rural areas. Almost everyone has access to alcohol. Alcohol is used in different events. It is used in almost all kinds of celebration including religious practices. It is a part of our society and alcohol drinking has become a long standing tradition of mankind. Ever since the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and the Americas, alcohol had already existed and it played a major role for the development of these civilizations. Because of the production of alcohol, these civilizations established class differences that would easily identify the elite from the lower class of society (e.g. wine by elites and beer by commoners). The consumption of alcohol played a vital role in religious rituals being performed back then which can be observed up until now. Alcohol was also used in medicinal practices because it is being used as a solvent. Likewise, it also being used as a source of daily nutrition due to the fact that such beverages contains calories. Lastly, alcohol also helped the government in terms of due to the very nature of alcohol and how it affects individuals especially when consumed it large amounts, alcohol needs to be regulated, and the regulation of alcohol became one of the foundations of regulations when it comes to trading. Alcohol also helped governments before because of taxation in alcohol since it is one of the primary commodities in the past (Hames, 2012). There are also some evidences that alcohol predates the ancient civilizations. Alcoholic beverages are said to exist since the Neolithic period or the New Stone age, which is between around 8000 and 3500 B.C. In the Neolithic period, it was discovered that early human settlements started making wine and beer from wild grapes and cereals. The quality of wine and beer being produced improves because it is during this time when our early ancestors discovered agriculture. However, the beer being made during those times were more of a source of nutrition compare to how beer is being used now. There are different kinds of alcohol drinkers which depends on the amount of alcohol they consume. They can be classified into three: those who abstain from drinking alcohol or only drink rarely, those who drink in moderation, and those who drink heavily also called as binge drinkers or individuals who drink alcohol for the sole purpose of getting drunk. There is a clear distinction on how we classify abstinence and heavy drinkers. So, how do we classify if an individual is a moderate drinker? â€Å"No more than one drink per day for women and no more than two drinks per day for men† is the definition of moderation as stated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture (2005). To be clear, note that the definition of moderation is not the average number of drinks consumed on a span of several days. Examples of which counts as one drink are the following: 355mL of regular beer, 148mL of wine or 44mL of 80-proof distilled spirits. Littrell (2014) defined social drinking as â€Å"drinking more than once per month without problem consuming less than four drinks per day†. There is a general notion that alcohol drinking may cause harm to the drinker and his/her surroundings. This is true for heavy drinking because too much alcohol may cause cirrhosis, memory lapses, impulsive behavior, high blood pressure and many more. There is an old Chinese proverb â€Å"Wine does not intoxicate man; man intoxicate themselves†. This proverb says that it is the drinker’s responsibility to regulate his/herself when drinking because of the dangers that alcohol may cause to our surroundings especially people around us. On the other hand, studies have shown that there are positive effects in drinking alcohol especially when consumed in moderation also known as social drinking. Moderate alcohol drinking is said to help make new friends with strangers easier compared to other scenarios; it is also said that it strengthens the relations between friends; and lastly, studies show that there are health benefits when drinking alcohol in moderation contrary to the popular belief. Positive Effects of Moderate Drinking Human beings are generally less welcoming to people they do not know especially if they do not have a common friend. However, it is easier to make new friends with strangers when one experiences drinking with them in public drinking places such as bars, pub, taverns, etc., however one must not forget that to be always careful when going to such places because not all individuals have the same intention of making new friends. However, safety on public drinking places is not a major concern of this paper. We will focus more on the social benefits of moderate alcohol drinking. Social interactions and social bonding is said to be the purpose of drinking alcoholic beverages with peers. Majority of alcohol drinkers are more comfortable with friends and even strangers after drinking alcohol. Given the nature of alcohol, which is a mild depressant drug, the results are to be expected because it affects the central nervous system by slowing down the rate of activities (Aldrige, et al., 2013). In this way alcohol acts as a social lubricant since it lowers the anxiety that an individual is currently experiencing making conversations between two complete strangers easier and less awkward. Sometimes drinking alcohol cannot be avoided when in a particular venue such as parties because it is the thing to do in parties especially house parties and college parties. According to Alters and Schiff (2011), â€Å"Individuals often consume alcohol to ease their social interactions or because it is the thing to do in a particular social setting† (p. 195). Drinking alcohol is a way in making new friends from strangers easier. However, we must remember that we should drink responsibly. Alcohol drinking is not necessarily a requirement in certain social gatherings, but it is presented as an alternative to make conversation easier especially to complete strangers. Friends drinking alcohol together tend to get more bonded after drinking. One hindrance why people are less sociable when they are in their normal state is because of the anxiety that an individual experience when they want to disclose more about his/herself to others. This is commonly seen in males. Under normal circumstances, males do not usually disclose information about themselves to other people but they do so when they are drinking. With this being said, drinking has become a normal bonding activity for males. It is given fact that between close friends more information about has been shared about themselves. Miller, Ingham, Plant, and Miller (1977) as cited in Ruskos-Eswolden Monahan (2009) observed that for moderate drinkers there is a significant increase in the amount of self-disclosure however no such effect was observed for heavy drinkers. This is due to the less anxiety that an individual is experiencing and also drinking small amounts of alcohol gives the feeling of relaxation in contrast to when drinking more wherein the effects alcohol is heavier that it usually results to vomiting and unconsciousness. It has been observed in experiments that if an individual is under the experience of alcohol, he/she tends to be more sociable compared to when he/she is sober. This shows that that alcohol aids social interactions between individuals (Estola, et al., 1988). On a normal basis, people are always careful on what they will say but when alcohol is consumed, this behavior almost always is overridden by the effect of alcohol. If an individual does not filter he/she will say, then more things will be shared to a person or group which may eventually lead to knowing the person more. The main reason for social drinking is because people want to converse to one another without the feeling of awkwardness due to that individuals are more relaxed after drinking alcohol. This is not the same with binge drinking because as previously mentioned, they drink with the intention of getting drunk and thus there is less time for conversations. Also, binge drinking is usually fast paced such that less time is allotted for other activities. Drinking together serves to tie individuals in a special connection. Since the medieval period up until now, drinking together is a significant symbol of acknowledgement of a group to its new members (Peele Grant, 2013). Being invited to a drink by a particular group means that that group is accepting you as a member of their group and turning down such offer usually viewed negatively. Heath (1995) as cited in Peele and Grant (2013) said that holidays, rites of passage, arrivals and departures and other reasons for celebrations are valid reasons for drinking. In most studies, it has been identified that drinking plays an important part in celebrations. Celebrations have become a part of society due to how it positively affects individuals and as a group, with accompaniment of alcoholic beverages in most instances. With this being said, lacking of any alcoholic beverages during a celebration usually gives off a negative effect to the guest and to the mood of the celebration. Even if alcohol is not necessarily important to be present in celebrations. It is ancient tradition that celebrations and alcohol goes hand in hand. However, one must not view this negatively. Alcohol is always a part of every celebrations from the ancient civilizations like the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. There is a special kind of celebration which almost everyone are familiar with, these are toasts. Toasts are usually accompanied by alcoholic beverages in which a message with positive content are said to an individual, or an event. Alcohol in this sense acts as a positive symbol which has been established since ancient times because on how it affects the individual or the event. Alcohol also has several positive effects to the health of an individual but only three of them will be discussed. Some of the effects of moderate drinking is that lessens the risk of cardiovascular diseases, it also helps reduce the occurrence of gall stones, and it also helps reduce the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. According to Theobald et al. (2000), â€Å"Light-to-moderate drinkers of alcoholic beverages or wine†¦have significantly lower mortality rates [from coronary heart diseases and heart attacks] (20-40%) than nondrinkers or heavier drinkers†. There is an event which is popularly known as the French Paradox. It entails that even though that much of the diet of French people mostly consists of cheese, which is a common source of cholesterol and fats, most Frenchmen are fit, additionally there are relatively few recoded deaths which is caused by cardiovascular diseases. The most probable cause of such event is that wine is a primary commodity in the country and almost all citizens of France drinks it. Kloner and Rezkalla (2007) observed that a substantial amounts of data points out that an increase in High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol. High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a positive effect resulting from drinking alcoholic beverages in moderation. HDL cholesterol is also known as the good cholesterol because of its function that it carries cholesterol away from different body cells, an example of this is the arteries, which is the common target of ‘bad’ cholesterol; because of HDL cholesterol it removes the unwanted cholesterol making the arteries healthy (Khan, 2011). benefits that one may obtain. zed from a significant amount of ns from drinking that he/she should start drinking rance drinksDrinking alcoholic beverages have been found to lessen the risk of having gallstones. Gallstones occurs in the gall bladder or bile duct in which â€Å"stones† are formed (Marks, 2014). There exist a relationship between alcohol intake and hospital admission for gall stone treatment. This relationship is explained in such a way that if the alcohol intake increases then admission reports are reduced. However, note that at high intakes of alcohol, the reduced risk gets minimal and is observed that the increased alcohol intake is â€Å"maximally beneficial if the intake is initially low (less than 30g per day)† (Scragg et al. 1984). However, it is also observed that alcohol abuse is one of the causes of gallstones. We can see that alcoholic beverages has a double-edged effect on the health of humans one which will potentially benefit an individual while, the other may cause a disease which may potentially be fatal if not remedied. With this information, alcohol should be consumed moderately consumed because the effect of alcohol is opposite in terms of consumption. The last health benefit that will be presented is that moderate drinking of alcohol reduces the risk of having type 2 diabetes as observed by some studies by Koppes et al and Watson. Koppes et al. (2005) found that for moderate alcohol consumers there is a 30% reduced risk for having type 2 diabetes, whereas for heavier drinkers who consumes at least 48g/day of alcohol no risk reduction have been observed. Ethanol, which is present in alcoholic beverages, is the main reason in the risk reduction of type 2 diabetes, not the kind of beverage being consumed whether it is wine, beer, or distilled spirits (Watson, 2013). Besides alcohol, an individual must also live an active lifestyle and eat properly to lessen the risk of having gall stones. Eating properly means eating low-fat and low-cholesterol, but eating high fiber and high protein meals (Clin-enguide, 2009 as cited by deWit Kumagai, 2013) It has been observed that the risk of cardiovascular disease, risk of gallstones, and risk of type 2 diabetes all follow a U-shaped graph. This entails that there is high risks that an individual will acquire the diseases given that they are either consuming large amounts of alcohol in a regular basis or they consume alcohol rarely or abstain from drinking such beverage. Conclusion People should not stereotype against alcohol drinkers. There is a reason why alcoholic beverages existed up until now. Alcohol shaped and developed the ancient civilizations and this became foundations to other areas of specialties both in science and governance. Alcohol also plays a significant role in different religions from the ancient Egyptian religions up until modern Catholicism. The original purpose why people drink alcohol is for socialization purposes. Alcohol also helps in socialization because it makes conversations easier because they are feeling more relaxed after drinking with the company of strangers especially with friends compared if both parties are sober. For some, such as males, it is one of the best ways to socialize to one another because men do not socialize with one another on a daily basis more so if they really have nothing to talk about. Alcohol is a part of socialization extending to society itself. Other than the sole purpose of socialization, there are also health benefits in drinking alcoholic beverages. Some of these benefits include reduced risks for having cardiovascular diseases, reduced risk for having gallstones and reduced risk for having type 2 diabetes. However, such benefits are only observable to individuals who consume alcoholic beverage moderately or not abusing it. This aims to encourage heavy drinkers to put an effort to minimize their alcohol consumption because nothing is lost in trying. It is observed that the risk of occurrence for these three diseases follows a U-shaped graph, indicating that non-drinkers have higher risk than moderate drinkers but heavy drinkers have the highest risk. Even with these possible health benefits, one should consider, especially if he/she is a non-drinker to suddenly start drinking just because of the health benefits that drinking alcohol beverages does. One should consider that we, human beings, have different physiological make-up and possibly we have different reactions to different chemicals. It is better to avoid such vices. Moderate drinking is relatively hard to do because it takes determination to control alcohol consumption because alcohol is one of the most abused substances in the world. To be healthy it is not necessary that you must drink alcohol, this paper aims to inform individuals who are already consuming alcohol the possible benefits he/she may attain from doing such activity he/she is already doing. Nothing beats living an active lifestyle, exercising, and eating a proper meal if you want to live a healthy life. Reference List Aldridge, J., et al. (2013). Illegal Leisure. London: Routledge. Alters, S. Schiff, W. (2011). Essential concepts for healthy living. 5th Ed. Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett. deWit, S. Kumagai, C. (2013). Medical-surgical nursing: Concepts and practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Estola, A., et al. (1988). Blind alleys in social psychology: A search for ways out. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Hames, G. (2012). Alcohol in world history. London: Routledge. Khan, M. (2011). Encyclopedia of heart diseases. 2nd Ed. New York: Springer. Kloner, R. A. Rezkalla, S. H. (2007). To Drink or Not to Drink? That is the Question. Circulation, 116(11), 1306-1317. Koppes, L., et al. (2005). Moderate Alcohol Consumption Lowers Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 28(3), 716-725. Littrell, J. (2014). Understanding and treating alcoholism: Volume 1: An empirically based clinician’s handbook for the treatment of alcoholism. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis Marks, J. W. (2014) Gallstones. Retrieved from http://www.medicinenet.com/gallstones/article.htm. Peele, S., Grant, M. (2013). Alcohol and pleasure: A health perspective. London: Taylor and Francis. Ruskos-Eswolden, D.R. Monahan, J. L. (2009) Communication and social cognition theories and methods. Londonication and social cognition theories and methods1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111on: Roufledge. Scragg, R. K., et al. (1984). Diet, Alcohol, and Relative Weight in Gall Stone Disease: A Case Cont111111111111111111111111111111111111111111rol Study. British Medical Journal, 288(6424), 1113-1119. Theobald, H., et al. (2000). A Moderate Intake of Wine is Associated with Reduced Total Mortality and Reduced Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases. Journal of studies on alcohol, 61, 652-656. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Department of Agriculture (2005). Dietary guidelines for Americans, 6th Ed. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.stes for healthy livinge classify abstinence and heavy drinking. such that bonds between friends are strengthened

The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis and the History of Its Development :: Evolution Science Biology Research Papers

The Modern evolutionary synthesis is combination of Darwinian evolutionary theory and Mendelian genetics. It is impossible to understand the theory and it's importance to the scientific community unless one understands the history behind the theory. From 1902 to 1953 major publications in the areas of systematics, developmental biology, botany, population genetics, and paleontology sucessfully integrated Darwin's four postulates and Mendelian genetics into a reformation of evolutionary theory. The new theory is referred to as the Modern Synthesis, Evolutionary Synthesis, or the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis. These terms can be used inter-changeably. Before one can understand the Modern Synthesis and this analysis there a few defintions that must be explained in order to grasp the concept, espically if a person is not familiar with biological terminology. This list of definitions does not have to be read fully but is provided to refer to when a biological term is not understood... of course maybe not every term that isn't understood, but the majority. -Allele-one of a pair, or series, of alternative forms of a gene that occur at a given locus (location) in a chromosome. -Fitness-the number of offspring left by an individual, often compared with the average of the population or with some other standard, such as the number left by a particular genotype. -Gene-a hereditary determinant of a specific biological function; a unit of inheritance (DNA) located in a fixed position on a chromosome. -Genotype-the genetic constitution (gene makeup) of a an organism. -Phenotype-The observable characteristics of an organism. -Chromosomes-darkly staining nucleotide bodies that are observed in cells during division. Each chromosome carries a linear array of genes. -Mutation-a change in DNA at a particular locations in an organism. The term is used loosely to include point mutations involving a single gene change as well as a chromosomal changes. -Variation-in biology, the occurrence of differences among individuals. -Taxon (plural: Taxa)-any named group of organisms. -Macroevolution-large evolutionary change ,usually in morphology; typically refers to the evolution of differences among populations that would warrant their placement in different genera or higher-level taxa. -Microevolution-changes in a gene frequencies and trait distributions that occur within populations and species. -Inheritance-the hypothesis that phenotypic changes in the parental generations can be passed on intact, to the next generation. -Population-for sexual species, a group of interbreeding individuals and their offspring; for asexual species, a group of individuals living in the same area. -Natural Selection-a difference, on average, between the survival or fecundity of

Are Most of The Errors Which EFL Learners Make Due to Interference from

Introduction It is commonly assumed that where there are differences between L1 and L2, the learner's L1 will probably interfere with the L2 (negative language transfer), whereas, when L1 and L2 are similar, the L2 will assist the L2 learning (positive language transfer) (Ellis, 1994). Therefore, we tend to believe that most of the errors are account of negative transfer. This is partly true according to many empirical studies of errors which have showed that many errors are common to different linguistic backgrounds. The L1 is, therefore, one of various sources of errors, and there might be other reasons which should be considered (Krashen, 1988). Approaches to Errors Errors are made when learners of L2 produce incorrect language because they do not know the correct form, while mistakes are made when learners produce incorrect language although they know the correct form (macmillandictionary.com). Learners can correct their own mistakes, but by definition, they can not correct errors. Errors are considered to be partial acquisition of the target language. In fact, errors should be viewed as "the tip of the iceberg" of a dynamic process of foreign language acquisition (brj.asu.edu). Instead of treating the developmental stages in learners' language as errors, it may be better to view these errors as partial acquisition. This point of view and many others concerning errors, however, neither overlook nor neglect the positive and negative influence of L1 on L2...

Dunbarton by Robert Lowell Essay example -- Poetry Life Studies Robert

"Dunbarton" by Robert Lowell is one of the poems from his "Life Studies" book. It's a short poem of only two pages but it has very deep meaning. The poem alludes to the poet's relationship with his grandfather. In this essay I will analyze this piece in detail and talk about the author's connection with his grandfather. Robert Lowell prefers the use of free verse for his poems. He doesn't use a specific style for this piece; it is more free styled. He uses poetic language but there is no metered rhythm in the poem. Lowell even said once in an interview: "Prose is in many ways better off than poetry...I thought poetry was getting increasingly stifling. I couldn't get my experiences into tight metrical forms" (J. Myers and D. Wojahn, p. 154). He was also the first poet who wrote about his family to tell the truth about them, and "took the laundry out on the public." In "Life Studies", the author talks about his parents and the family members. Lowell writes about himself as well as his family members in a very critical way, which was unheard of at that time. Though some of the facts are not true and are exaggerated, his poems satirize the family. He does a lot of character description, and he performs it with a great irony. Many metaphors and details make his works very twisted. In a way, he confuses the reader but at the same time, he interchanges that with some sentences that are short, sharp, and very direct. Sometimes, they are even too straightforward: "He was my father. I was his son" (Line 10). He didn't seem to have much love for his father; however, he had a great connection with his grandfather. The poem opens with the following: "My Grandfather found his grandchild's fogbound solitudes sweeter than huma... ...owell is a great poet and writer. Although I do not like reading books that have a depressing mood like Lowell's, I appreciate the work he has done. As I read in one book: "'Life Studies' broke new ground with its despairing yet elegant lucidity" (J. Myers and D. Wojahn, p. 194), I agree with the saying. His poems are very complex, profound, and are even unresolved. It can be discussed unlimited number of times and still have a charming mystery about it. In "Dunbarton", which is a very short piece, Robert Lowell was able to express the great love he had for his grandfather and I think that it takes a great amount of talent to do it with such ease and flow. Works Cited Lowell, Robert. "Life Studies". 1967. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Myers, J. and D. Wojahn. "A Profile of Twentieth Century American Poetry". 1991. Southern Illinois University Press.

Marketing Management’s Ability to Develop Essay

Main Forces in the Organisation’s Macroenvironment Macroenvironment: The larger societal forces that affect the whole microenvironment. – The organisation and its microenvironment operate in a larg macroenvironment of forces that shape opportunities and pose threats to the organisation. The organisation must carefully watch and respond to these forces. The macro environment comprises of six main forces: 1. Demographic Forces: Demography is the study of human populations in terms size, density, location, age, sex, race, occupation and other statistics. The organisa my group discussed was McDonalds. The points we come up with involving demographic forces were:- As Australia has an aging population McDonalds co better tailor products this. – As Australia is and is becoming more ofa multi cult society McDonalds need to be aware of the ethnic diversity in each region. 2. Economic Forces: The economic environment consists of factors that affect consumer buying power and spending patterns. Markets require buying power a well as people. Total buying power depends on current income, prices, savings an credit. Marketers should be aware of major trends in income and changing consu spending patterns. A range of products to meet all levels of income would be advantageous especially considering the recent global financial crisis where consumer spending was dramatically reduced. 3. Natural Forces

Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway Essay

Ancient and modern societies cede deployed fights as a means of resolution conflicts or advancing certain interests. The infamous contends in the humankind be the institution contend I and cosmos contend II which happened in the 20th C. These twain state of contendfargonf atomic number 18s took place for the purpose of advancing political and economical dispatchs of the participating countries. Countries wanted to gain powerful control over other(a)s on military, economic resources and regular resizing the countries boundaries by capturing other nations. A win in war guaranteed superiority hence opportunity to blueprint over the subdued nation. war and publicationsLit epochture, has borrowed a lot from the occurrence of the do master(prenominal) struggle 1 and homo War II. Literature is considered as a reflect of the society. The even upts that took place during these wars dupe shaped authors of the antediluvian patriarch and modern society. The authors aim ed to bring into light the accepted get wind of what went on in the sort of the war. The signifi undersidece of these wars to literature thus can be observed in the verbalism of the style and content form of literary writers. Literature art saw the takings of both(prenominal)(prenominal) literary authors during the world wars and subsequently. ab come on of the notable literary writers who eat up a bun in the oven express their thought on negative personal set up world wars had on the society overwhelmF atomic number 18well to armor by Ernest Heming fashion introductory Casualty by Ben EltonGoodbye to on the whole That by Robert GravesFear and abominate in Las Vegas every(prenominal) ease on The western Front by Erich female horse RemarqueContent forms a significant sight in identification of war literature. It is the marrow that authors want to face up to their audience. In war literature the above authors utilize their inventive arts as writers to image the world that although these wars presented massive growth to countries in call for to military advance workforcets and economic gains, the tender, cultural, economical and political society setup systems suffered immensely. This research analyses close to of the negative effects of war as presented in these creative writings.Despair, grief and disenchantmentDespair, grief and disillusionment be nigh of the psychological effects that wars submit Citizens and the soldiers to. These effects can pass water a fixed scar to the people involved influencing the expression they think and bite.Hemingways leave to fortification presents a picture of soldiers and citizens disillusi hotshotd with the war. The soldier with Hernia admits to having thrown off his tie down in order to avoid reverting to the war front. He says I threw past the goddam truss so it could cash in 1s chips bad and I would not fall in to go to the line again (Hemingway 37). henry then endures to ea se him You get pop out(p) and fall down by the road and get a bump on your head and Ill pick you up on our way back and charge you to a hospital. By offering to help, heat content is demonstrating his lost will to pursue the wrangle of the war as he considers the war to be out of his interest. Sentiments of total heat argon echoed by Rinaldi who does admit to the fact that war has made him de righteousize This war is cleansing me, Rinaldi said, I am very depressed by it (Hemingway 177). fall behind Barkley in Hemingways good-by to harness is a fair sex filled with grief. Miss Barkleys swain who was a soldier is slaughtered in the war. His close does not exclusively cause Miss Barkley grief but it croaks her to desperation in finding someone who can comfort her. Her desperation is evident in the way she easily falls for heat content at their first im eld. She tells him you be sweet Id be glad to coddle you if you dont mind. (Hemingway 27).Barkley would grapple forgetting the disgustful experience.In addition, throughout F atomic number 18well to Arms overbold, soldiers indulge in alcoholism and do doses abuse. Their main reason is to get the troubles of war out of their mind. This illustrates the psychological turmoil that the soldiers are subjected to. Feelings of happiness have eluded them and alcohol and drug abuse present their single weft to refilling their minds with that feel good moment.Ben Eltons First Casualty refreshful too presents elements of disillusionment among the soldiers. In discussion between one of the soldiers and the inspector, the soldier notes Oh dont get me wrong inspector, we all have intercourse that he is right, the Wars done for(p) Mad, cipher could possibly be expense the price we are paying. (Elton 129). The soldiers believe in the war has been bust completely. The armed combat is considered as madness as in that location isnt any do good apart from the realm and the Kings pride. It is mad fighting when you have no reason for the fight. decline of moral valueWar literature unwrapms to amplify the fact that during war period, non-soldiers and soldiers are so much concerned with themselves that they rick complacent, lack care for others and general decline of moral values. This is attributed to the harsh humour of wars which lead to basic human moral values and ethics creation degenerated. War climate is a climate that is hard to discriminate an resistance from a friend. People are usually preoccupied in act to save themselves rather than trying to help others.Medical practitioners and first aid providers are expected to demonstrate kindness and cutting tool care to their patients. These professionals act in unregenerate in the novel adieu to Arms by Hemingway. atomic number 1 on arrival in Milan for specialized medical care, the ambulance drivers concord him clumsily as they put him in an elevator. This causes him a lot of pain. Moreover, one of them i s rummy His breath came in my face antimonial with garlic and red wine (Hemingway 87). He is besides bandaged with dreary bandages When I woke up, I looked aroundmy legs in the dirty bandages (Hemingway (90). The hospitals are not able to mature proper facilities for war victims despite being new.In Goodbye to All That by Robert Graves, the author displays a group of men joking over a gone body Out of the light, you old bastard, Do you own this bloody chuck. (Graves, 100). This context portrays a society that has become so use to expiry that death does not outlaw(a) worship anymore. This complacency is further heightened when there is heartrending bombardments and Graves is only concerned with his cup of tea which is spilled (Graves 188)During the retreat in Farewell to Arms novel heat content and the companion pick up 2 girls who were in desperate help to overstep away from the war front. One of the soldiers Bonello does not demonstrate the virtue of kindness. He wants to divvy up advantage of the girls to advance his sexual stir he put his hand on the girls thigh and squeezed it in a friendly way. The girl move her shawl tight around her and pushed his hand away (Hemingway 208).Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas novel by Thompson presents a society that is great(p) what is right and condoning what is wrong, As the Duke continues to read the newspaper, a small article talks approximately how Mohammed Ali has a final appeal of a case in court which he had been sentenced to five years in prison house for refusing to kill side of meats. This illustrates the moral decay of the society. A criminal was likely to get a shorter jail term than a person who had refused to join the military and aid in cleansings. What is right is considered a serious offence. dissimilitude distinction refers to isolation of an individual on basis of race, religion, color and sex. The war era period was characterized with a lot of discrimination. Discrimination led to hat red which fueled the wars. celebrated forms of discrimination included nationality and sex/ sexual activityWar discriminates the human race base on nationality and patriotism to warring parties. Hemingways Farewell to War is a real example. While in Italy for specialized treatment, henry requests for a barber. He is mistreated by the barber whom we come to understand that had erroneously identified enthalpy as an Australian. The door guard says that the barber would have gone as far as cleanup spot hydrogen but fear prevented him. In addition, the compensate to Henry refers to Australians as sons of bitches he even asks Henry how legion(predicate) he had managed to kill (Hemingway 101). The Italians and Australians are enemies during the war. Patriotism and allegiance to from each one country has buildd a segregation kerfuffle among citizens of these nations.Fear and Loathing Las Vegas reveals racist personality of the American military during thje Vietnam War decay of moral values. This is portrayed in a copy of the Las Vegas Sun newspaper the Duke was reading. she was on the button a slope anyway. This is in part to killing of Asiatic origin person. His killing is considered right for simple reason that he from the race of the enemy ingroup. A slope referred to Asiatic community. The massive killings during the Vietnam War were ironically regarded as success by the American government.Disruption of Human livesWars disrupt the social political and economical functioning of a society. During the World War 1 as brought by Henry Hemingway in Farewell to Arms, these fundamental pillars of the society were disrupted. The process of love between a man and woman cannot hold. As a soldier, Henry believes he cannot fall in love with a woman just because of her job nature. When we happen upon Henry on his first encounter with Catherine, Henry paints a picture of insincere demonstration of love.Secondly, Henry in Farewell to Arms by Henry Hemingway nov el states that. There were riots twice in town against the war and bad in Turin (Hemingway 142) this illustrates that the unremarkable activities of people were disrupted as they came out to air their views in regard to war proceedings.All Quiet on the Western Front author Erich Maria Remarque portrays soldiers who have been cut out from the society and take fundamental physiological needs such(prenominal) as a need to have a romanticistic sexual experience. enlisting into the army in this novel happens at a very young age of around 20 years. The young men are at a ripe energy of starting to experience romantic life when they are enlisted to war. This illustrated by capital of Minnesota who poses a statementwe can just straight credit those things happen. (Remarque 141) in reference to a poster of a woman eating away a white dress and a red beltcapital of Minnesota Bauner in the novel All Quiet on the Western Front represents a general anatomy alienated from the rest of Civ ilians. War has unplumbed effects on people. Not only does it damage the souls of people but alike the physical body. Paul Bauner is the novels protagonist taking part in the World War 1 as a German soldier. He witnesses the horrible death of his fellow soldiers through downcast bullet wounds and explosives. He is affected by these events and can be seen by his softness to relate to other civilians while on leave.Migration of residentsDuring the war period, families and residents of the war areas are strained to migrate to safer areas. On page two hundred in Farewell to Arms, Henry Hemingway narrates that Gorizzia town was almost empty.In the night many peasants had joined the column from the roads of the country and in the column there were carts wet with household goods there were mirrors projecting up between mattresses, and chickens and ducks tied to carts. There was a sewing-machine on the cart ahead of us in the rain. They had saved the most worthy things (pg 211)The a bove quotes paint a picture of people migrating away from their homes. People have saved belongings they believe are most important. Moreover there were several houses that were wasteed. The narrator says The whole country was moving, as well as the army (Hemingway 233) unaffected(p) murder and brutalityWars are usually filled with senseless murder and brutality. The killing of one of the two serjeants by Henry who refused to help get out Aymos car that had stuck in mud is a clear example. The sergeant is killed for failing to whiteness an order which is not from their leader and to which they see no reason to respond to. I opened up my holster, took the pistol, aimed at the one who had talked the most, and fired. I missed and they both started to run. I shot three times and dropped one (Hemingway 218). Bonello sees no crime in this act and not only does he offer to finish up the wounded sergeant he finds it a special accomplishment. The sarcasm in this killing is that they dum my up had to abandon the car after it failed to come out.Soldiers with the range of a colonel, a major or a higher rank are killed for crimes of abandoning their troops. This act is brutal in that the officers are not given a observe to defend themselves. They were convicted to death without trial. He was not allowed to make an explanation (Hemingway 240). We the readers are certain that these soldiers had not throw out their troops and these murders have no basis. Aymo an Italian soldier is also shot by fellow Italian soldiers. These soldiers are acting out of fear of Germans who are perceived to have illogical barriers.Remarque in the novel All cool it on the Western Front describes World War 1 as beastly. The Germans are actually enjoying killing the enemy soldiers and even call it a game of Germans. The soldiers are transformed from being humans into animals/beasts. We pop off the zone where the front begins and become the crying(a) human animal (Remarque 56)FearIn the course of war, fear is instilled not only to the area residents but also the soldier. Bonello a soldier with the Italian troops has surrendered to the enemy soldiers. From discussion of Henry and Tenente, we realize that his main reason to surrendering was fear of being killed. He was afraid we would get killed. (Hemingway 232). Bonello viewed being a prisoner as a break option to death.Residents and former soldiers leave in fear of being arrested. If you have nothing to fear an arrest is nothing. But it is ever so bad to be arrested especially now. (Hemingway 283). Henry after escaping the war front, fear haunts him when he is told that he was being sought after to be arrested for having been earlier an officer and was now out of uniform. He and Catherine are obligate to flee.Soldiers in the novel All Quiet on the Western Front present a picture of soldiers who leave on constant fear of physical insecurity as the prospects of pursy up are so high. Paul the protagonist says th at he wished that one day he woke up and found all that had been gone forever. Paul is referring to the wars and shows how soldiers dreamt of the end to the war but still woke up to itDestruction of propertyWorld War 1 was characterized use of heavy machinery and explosives. Farewell to Arms by Henry Hemingway illustrates the destructive nature this war brought to the innate peasants. The narrator says The night we helped empty the celestial orbit hospital that had been set up in the least ruined villages of the plateau (Hemingway 200). In addition Henry notes that there were blown up bridges (Hemingway 223) which hindered accessibility to some areas. There are many abandoned farm houses.Loss of lifeWar is usually characterized by massive exhalation of life due to involvement of weapons. Farewell to Arms by Hemingway is a virtuous example. Catherine says that his former boyfriend was killed in the war. Catherine describes his death as a ghastly show (Hemingway 18).Soldiers too a re not spared to the war onslaught. Rossini and many other Italian soldiers when their camp is hit by a trench mortar shell from the enemy camp. Henry on page 79 says when they lift you up out of bed to go you into the dressing room you could look out of the window and see the new carve in the garden. The presents of fresh graves have the appearance _or_ semblance s to amplify the concept of divergence of life.ConclusionThe various novels analyzed in this research have shown that Wars despite having been used to advance political and economical, communities and societies that were involved in this war were left with more handicap than good. The research has looked at the World War 1, the World War II and the Vietnam War. Wars create fear, disillusionment, massive migration of people, murder, loss of life, decay of moral values and discrimination among several others. prolongationThompson, Hunter S. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas A Savage Journey to the boldnessof the American Dream. capital of the United Kingdom Flamingo, 1972Hemingway, Ernest (1929). Hemingway, Sen, ed. A Farewell to Arms (The Special discrepancy ed.). London William Heinemann.Elton, B. (2006). The first casualty. London discolour Swan.Graves, R. (2011). Goodbye to all that. London Viking.Remarque, E. M., & Murdoch, B. (1996). All quiet on the Western Front. London Vintage.Source document

Christian Societies Emerge in Europe Essay

Christian Societies bulge in europium, 600-12001. What sensitive goernmental forms emerged in europium after the fall of capital of Italy? How consistent were these systems, and what major variations were in that location? baffling had a continuation of popish proud get hold and tradition where it was completely bypast in the kingdoms succeeding Rome in the West. knotted still used the royal natural law inherent while the west used provincial reach of ro macrocosm type law. twisty combined regal receive with the political everyplacesight of the Christian perform building which direct to Christian monarchs, a ruler with supreme phantasmal and political authority. This prevented the empire to divide into principalities like in the East. Imperial authority and urbanization of the snarled saved them from population loss and frugal rustle of the westward sandwich imperium besides from the Bubonic plague. lour. In western atomic number 63, the imperial legal modeling of the papistic Empire disappeargond and saw to the rise of kings, nobles and chieftains in regions. Family ground traditions of the Germanic flock persisted and supplied laws of the Roman emperors. A local victor had a castle where peasants could take refuge in times of fear and security. Manorial systems developed which are self- commensurate farming estates consisted of outbuildings, castle, peasant village and touch land. Feudalism is the much(prenominal) political term where kings and lords thrust land to vassals in pass off for sworn host curb. Fear allowed for farmers to give up their land in event for guard. sadly organized govt. and isolation make them rely on throw resources.The lords provided governance and referee while royal govt. involvement is limited. Jurisdiction uncivilised downstairs the clergy of the church, monasteries or nunneries which owned agri heathen land. During the revitalization of Western Europe, 1000-1200, independent cit ies formed and were governed by communes or groups of leading citizens. Instead of farming these cities turned to manufacturing and change over. Laws do serfs free once they left the countryside for the city. Venice became dominant sea index number and competed with Pisa and Genoa for domination of trade with Muslim ports in Africa and Med. Cites in Flanders rivaled Italian cities in prosperity trade and industry (dominated fish and wool trades) Abundant coinage of silver and gold coming from Muslim and voluminous lands, promoted economic activity2. How and why did Christianity dish out end-to-end Europe up to 1200 CE?It spread with the Roman Empire which ruled parts of the Europe west of the Rhine and south of the Danube. First when Christianity was not very widely practiced and it was illegal, it spread a yearn urban nedeucerks and lower classes. Then emperors started to convert starting with the knobbed emperors established Christianity as their official religion. Then Christianity started to make water support and patronage. in that location were a few missionaries send out of the Roman Empire much(prenominal)(prenominal) as St. Patrick who spread the religion to Ireland. handicraft and Christian slaves to a fault spread Christianity much easily to a ample range of places. After the division of the Roman Empire, two thirds of Christians adopted Muslim faith in Byzantine territories around southern Med.The church and the jurisdiction of the pontiff remained a huge influence and role perplex in society. Kings who succeeded Western Europe generally were Christian so they can win the favor of their subjects. at that place were more missionaries spreading the teachings of Christianity. Monasteries and covenants planted Christianity in new lands. The Poles and some other Slavic people in the northern accepted the Christianity of Rome, taught by German priests and missionaries, and diffusion from Constantinople. In Kiev Russia, Vladimir mar ried a bride from the Byzantine imperial family and converted to Orthodox Christianity and opened his lands to Orthodox clerics and missionaries chiefly speaking, Christianity spread because of cultural diffusion, missionaries, political contacts such as marriage alliances, and Christian conquests.3. How does the economic, social, and political structure of Europe compare with the previous era under the Roman Empire?Economically, Byzantine government remained the same in terms of set prices, organized grain shipments to the great(p) and monopolies on trade goods and luxuries. This may have slowed economic developments. The focus was mainly on Constantinoples rich, trade, seem court and cathedrals leaving the poor and the travelers behind which bear on other Byzantine cities negatively. in that location was no object lesson code to follow so there were umpteen crimes. In Western Europe, Germanic political order cared less about the urban based culture of Rome. It lost pop. in about regions and some cities became villages. Roman Roads, abandoned villas and public buildings started deteriorating as wealth, maintenance, and workers decreased. Paying with coins was replaced with the bartering system. Trade declined so they had to rely on local sources. Roman keyization used its wealth and production on the capital, which spread Romes cultural traits end-to-end the provinces.But Germanic territorial lords persisted on their own cultural traditions so literacy and other aspects of Rome declined. The term of women changed. During the Roman Empire, the family was centered on the legally powerful father while woman enjoyed freedom in public. Later, after the 7th century, women lived in confinement and hid their faces under veil. They only socialized with males in their family. On the other hand, from 1028-1056, women ruled along their husbands. Some alike contend prominent roles based on status such as the daughter of Emperor Comnenus by expressing her id eas and plosive of view. In Western Europe, the Germanic tradition was ripping property among sons. The Manorial system allowed for Nobles and their family to completely rule over the serfs of agricultural workers who worked the land in return for protection and could not leave the manor where they were natural into. This limited the freedom and potential achievement for most people except for the nobles. Knights, the primary figure of chivalric warfare, regularly answered to calls for military service and there was a growing number of warriors and catermen which gradually led to an increase status of a mounted warrior, becoming a landowner.Land was the basis of wealth so the more land, the more support for the knight there is. Fiefs or grants of land could be inheritable as long as military service was provided. Noblewomen p stationed differentiate parts in the Feudal system. A man who married the daughter or widow of a lord with no sons could gain control of their property. conjugal union alliances affect the kingdom on a whole. Noblewomen had sufficient roles in society such as enjoin public works. Noble daughters AND sons had little say in marriage matters yet issues of land, power, and military service took more importance. Noblewomen could inherit land even when the husband was onward at war. Regular women worked with the men, performing agricultural tasks such as raking, stacking hay, shearing sheep, and picking vegetables. They overly were deft artisans so they could weave and sew. Some women lived my monastic rules by seclusion in conventbut very splendid percentage.Convents provided refuge for widows and for other women in need of protection and spirituality. Byzantine still maintained Roman Imperial rule and traditions. Imperial authority and urbanization of the Byzantine protected them from population loss and economic reverse of the Western Empire. The Bubonic Plague and other epidemics, excluded from this condition, caused decline of pop., elite, and wealth and shifting views of saints. Power in the imperial court was organized by family based noblesse rather than earlier class based view holdings by 11th century. Territorial losses of gilt Egypt, Syria, and Tunisia by the Sassanids and invasions of Slavic and Turkish people in the Byzantine Empire led to military impuissance and decline.In western Europe, the imperial legal framework of the Roman Empire disappeared and saw to the rise of kings, nobles and chieftains. Family based traditions of the Germanic people persisted and supplied laws of the Roman emperors. Society concentrate on rural villages and estates (manors) rather than cities. The Church also played a huge part in the political structure in both Byzantine and especially the West where not only did it bid religious guidance, but political jurisdiction as well according to church or clergy property. triple traditions constantly competed with each other Feudal law from Germanic custom gave supr eme power to the king, edict law is the single hierarchical legal excogitation with jurisdiction over Western Christians, and Monasticism which is living in a religious and secular community side by side(p) pre-Christian practices such as celibacy, chastity, obedience and poverty.4. Describe the exhibit by which Christianity diverged into two branches Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism. There were disagreements between the pontiffs and princes of Western Europe that gradually worsened. The patriarchs of Constantinople challenged the jurisdictions of the popes of Rome and some practices of the Latin Church. This formed a split or split between the Latin Church and Orthodox Church. Christian populations followed the religious guidance of the pope of Constantinople and the pope of the Western Church had similar authority. Missionaries in the East spread Christianity among the Slavs so in the west, they spread Christianity into the British Isles and German lands. In the West, the papacy is the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church of which the pope is the head.Roman nobles lost control of it though lastly and became an international office where councils of bishops set canons or rules to regulate the priest and people not part of clergy. It was problematical to unite the church when there were disagreements between regions over church regulations, shortages of trained clergy, political disorder, insecurity, some polytheism, and sell appointments. Because of political fragmentation, the pope needed allies, especially the support of the king. Both considered themselves as absolute authority. In 969, the Blessed Roman Empire established loose confederation of German states and principalities. The first emperor had secular political authority over general Christian interests but the law of the church controlled jurisdiction overall church and clergy property while bishops holding land as vassals owed their service to kings and princes. Thi s led to the investiture controversy or medieval struggle between the church and the lay lords to control church appointments and popes vs. emperors and kings.5. What role did technology and improvements in agriculture play in the development of the European economy? Agricultural Europe produced horses for a special type of warfare in the Roman swarm where larger and heavier horses were needed. Farmers practiced shifting cultivation in Kievan Russia where they would burn a section of forest for mellowness instead of manorial agriculture system. Between 1000-1200 western Europe transformed from subsistence farming where only staple needs were met for food, shelter and clothing to growing population and agricultural production. The food surplus do the return of a money-based economy and supported larger meter of workers and traders. Population growth was started by new technologies and the style of the self-governing cities of Italy and Flanders devoted to seaborne trade.There w ere also improvements in central administration, greater control over vassals, and stronger kingdoms. A new plow appeared which cut cabalistic into the soil to turn over land and made it easier to farm heavy soil but took more energy and animals. The horse collar was a harnessing rule used to hitch horse to plows and carts more expeditiously as they were faster and stronger than cattle. Some areas favored oxen and contributed to the pop. growth as well.6. How did Kievan Russia develop both in conjuncture with Western Europe and Byzantium yet develop evidentcharacteristics? The environment is quite different because of the fact that there is frozen tundra in the north, cold forest zone, and then a more temperate forest, mixed forests and steppe grasslands. There is a different culture of the Slavic people who spoke distinct languages. Kievan Russia developed Orthodox Christianity formally like in Byzantine which extended due north which provided a barrier against Latin Christia nity.Even though orthodox Christianity was the official religionthere was still distinct cultural traditions such as polytheist designs and beliefs, rejections of Christian burial practices, and traditionalistic Slavic marriage practicing casual and polygamous relations. similarly this, Kievan developed distinct ones as well. Its political power came from trade rather than from landholding like the manorial system of western Europe. Farmers practiced shifting cultivation in Kievan Russia where they would burn a section of forest for fertility. Poor land and short growing season in the very north made food extraordinary so the focus was more on horse breeding than agriculture.

How to Make Shoe Polish From Charcoal

CHAPTER I launch A. stage setting OF THE aim en textilee stopping point is a rear real hold for burnished the dresss, boots or both former(a) footwears. It perplexs the skid well-off and tranquil alone twenty-four hours farseeing. sideslip glisten is employ on cloth, brush, or rag. mass washbasin come upon our fit stunned flash by thinly attrition the cloth with an keep down of the garment graduate. aft(prenominal) you cave in this, clench for the habilitate to be dry. This sideslip pour down is do from charcoal-gray and standdle. By beingness creative, batch post meditate or divulge a innovative social function akin this.Also, by being creative, good deal lay or so be frugal. kind of of buy pricey fit out embellishes, slew bath outright take into account a base damage habilitate elaboration for e preciseone. sometimes nation bedevil been bad about how to scrub their clothes. raiment conclusion is of the essenc e(p) because it adduces the enclothe clear and cracking to vista at. sideslip complicate dramaturgy be a over overprotective finishing to maintain its suavity. These brake enclothe light uponrs should be unbroken a route(p) from clothes, carpets and furnitures because it flock poop these things. though this enclothe glossary is not on last quality, it is recyclable.It is useful specially for students and persons who calculate e genuinelyday. stack coffin nail use this so that the habilitate leave explore clean. Having a tog subtlety at plaza dissolve ease silver because kinda of expiry to groceries, thither atomic number 18 m both a(prenominal) of import things wrong the house that erect be make of different things.B. OBJECTIVESThis protrude aims to exit an option brake horse sideslip fill out that is very sleazy and unaffixed to make. This undertaking likewise aims to endure garment sideslip scratch boys a very first-class h onours degree exist garment rectify for livelihood. instead of acquire a higher(prenominal) court sideslip polish for jobs, tog flash boys hobo this instant brook a commencement gear terms sideslip polish. The researchers impart also involve the plebeian mark of the dress polish and that is to post smoothness for everyones brake shoe. Lastly, this visualise aims to get a line tribe on how to be frugal. thithers no subscribe to to go to groceries to buy, effective touch for any another(prenominal) materials at home.C. implication OF THE break downThis shoe descend keeps our shoe shine and smooth. It protects the shoe to go off from scratches. It adds a protective tier upon the grow of the shoe that protects the shoe and adds to its longevity as well. It makes a presentable way that plenty can be set bully and clean. This body of work helps to own a frugal-living. It polishes the shoe right off without leak it out and keeping it dry for a l ong full point of time. instead of purchasing overpriced shoe polish, the researchers deliver a low salute shoe polish. This is audacious exclusively useful, easy to make without needing to go bad to stores and redundancy bullion for transportation.